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The Mongol conquest of the Jin dynasty (), also known as the Mongol-Jin War, lasted over 23 years and the Jin dynasty finally fell in 1234, the year that the Mongol Empire had claimed the total conquest of the Jin, thus completing their control of the whole area of northern China. == Background == (詳細はJin collected tribute from some of the steppe tribes and encouraged rivalries amongst them. When the Mongols were unified under Khabul Khan in the 12th century, the Jin encouraged the Tatars to destroy them, but the Mongols were able to drive the Jin forces out of their territory. The Tatars eventually captured Khabul's successor Ambaghai Khan and handed him over to the Jurchen court, who nailed him to a wooden mule. The Jin forces conducted regular punitive expeditions against the nomads, either enslaving or killing them. In 1210, a delegation arrived at the court of Genghis Khan (r.1206-27) to proclaim the ascension of a new Jin Emperor to the Jurchen throne and demanded the submission of the Mongols as a vassal state. Because the Jurchens defeated the powerful steppe nomads and allied with the Keraits and the Tatars, they claimed sovereignty over all the tribes of the steppe. High court officials of the Jin deserted to the Mongols and urged Genghis Khan to attack the Jin. The biographer of Genghis, Jack Weatherford, describes the Mongol efficacy: "The second unique characteristic of the Mongol army was that it traveled without a commissary of cumbersome supply train other than its large reserve of horses that always accompanied the soldiers."〔Jack Weatherford, ''Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World'' (New York: Three Rivers Press, 2004), 86〕 But fearful of a trap or some other nefarious scheme, Genghis Khan refused. Upon receiving the order to demonstrate submission, Genghis is reported to have turned to the south and spat on the ground; then he mounted his horse, and rode toward the north, leaving the stunned envoy choking in his dust. His defiance of the Jin envoys was tantamount to a declaration of war between the Mongols and the Jurchens.〔Weatherford 2004 p.83〕 After Genghis Khan returned to Kherlen River, in the spring of 1211, he summoned a kurultai. By organizing a long discussion, everyone in the community was included in the process. Genghis prayed privately on a nearby mountain. He removed his hat and belt, bowed down before the Eternal Sky, and recounted the generations of grievances his people held against the Jin and detailed the torture and murder of his ancestors. He explained that he had not sought this war against the Jurchens. At the dawn on the fourth day, Genghis emerged with the verdict: "The Eternal Blue Sky has promised us victory and vengeance".〔''The secret history of the Mongols''〕 Emperor Weishaowang of Jin, angry on hearing how Genghis Khan behaved, sent the message to Genghis that "Our Empire is like the sea; yours is but a handful of sand...How can we fear from you?".〔Meng Ta Peu Lu ''Aufzeichnungen über die Mongolischen Tatan von Chao Hung, 1221'', p.61〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mongol conquest of the Jin dynasty」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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